Information about the Natural History of Prince William Sound Alaska. Posts will be made by students enrolled in Bio 104 (Natural History of Alaska) at Prince William Sound Community College in Valdez, Alaska.
Saturday, May 21, 2011
Dall Porpoises
The Dall’s Porpoise (Phocoenoides dali) much like the Dall sheep is named after the famed naturalist W.H. Dall. Dall porpoises can be found primarily in the northern pacific from Japan to Alaska on down to northern California, some have been found as far south as the California Baja. Dall porpoises generally live in cold water below 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Generally Dall porpoises do not migrate outside of their range.
The Dall porpoise is a small cetacean, it ranges from 6-7.5 ft. in length and weighs 250-480 lbs.. The Dall porpoise is also very fast and can reach speeds up to thirty knots. The Dall porpoise is colored much like an orca black on the upper portion and white on its belly. These porpoises generally live in pods of 10-20 individuals, but may congregate in massive numbers to feed. The Dall porpoise is not too picky about what it eats their diet consists of squid, lantern fish, deep sea-smelt, and small schooling fish such as sardines and herring. The biggest threat to dall porpoises is the fishing industry, every year thousands of these species are caught in nets. They are also hunted mainly off of Japanese waters thankfully the hunting of dall porpoises has become increasingly regulated.
References
http://www.acsonline.org/factpack/DallsPorpoise.htm
http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/dallsporpoise.htm
http://dallsporpoise.org/index.php
http://www.eaglewingtours.com/016_WhalesandWild/2715_EagleWingWhal.html
Friday, May 20, 2011
Xiphister mucosus
When venturing at Anderson Bay on the 19th of May I came into contact with a rock prickle back more formally known as Xiphister mucosus. It is considered to be a non true eel. Even though this specie is fairly small, only growing to a maximum 23 inches long, some of its relatives can get very large, Like the monkey face prickle back/ Cebidichthys violaceu. This fishes range consists of the Alaskan coastline, dwelling under rocks in the lower tidal zones, to Point Conception in California. This fish can stay out of the water under ricks and seaweed for long periods of time. The rock prickle back is a long slender fish. Young prickle back are a greenish brown with speckles and mature prickle backs are a dark brown with orange criss-crossing pattern on their backs. The fish gets its common name from its spiny dorsal fin that travels the length of its body; as well as its species mucosus indicating the slimy mucus coating the animal. The rock prickle backs live in schools in the rocks they in habit. Large numbers can be found in meters of coastline. Mating occurs in the early spring and it takes the prickle back five years to mature. Mature adults are very valuable because not many, in reality, make it to mating age. The females lay a large number of eggs and the male will surround the eggs to keep them moist and to protect them. This behavior is also seen in the green wolf eel/Congrogadus subducens. They prey upon small fish and crustaceans as well as green algae making up most of their diet. Since these fish are not a dominating predator they are preyed upon by mackerel, large crustaceans, wolf fish, and salmon. Even those this fish has a face that only a mother could love they are surprisingly good to eat, something to keep in mind next time you judge a meal by its appearance.
Resources:
http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=3798
http://www.pugetsoundsealife.com/habitats+sealife/Rock_Prickleback.html
http://hmsc.oregonstate.edu/projects/msap/PS/masterlist/fish/monkeyfaceprickleback.html
http://www.celebrationsca.com/InfoAFishStoryMonkeyfacePrickleback.htm
http://tlc.ousd.k12.ca.us/~acody/prickleback.html
Harbor Porpoise
Harbor Porpoise
The mammal harbor Porpoise or sometimes called by fisherman, Puffing pigs, Because porpoise comes from the Latin word pig and when they come to the surface to breath,which is about every 25 seconds, they make a loud puffing noise , roll and arch their backs. Harbor porpoise scientific name is Phocoena phocoena. Their bodes are black with white belles and dark grey fins. Size range is 5 -6 feet , the female get larger then the male, they weigh around 150lb. Their mouths are small with spade shaped teeth. They eat mainly schools of fish like herring.
Females are ready for mating around the age of 3 or 4, they give birth around summer time and can mate for several years. Calves are 15-20lbs and 25-35 inch. long and they feed for 8 months. harbor porpoise can live up to 24 years old.
You can find these mammals in water no deeper then 650 feet in bays, fjords and harbors. Places like West Greenland to Cape Hatteras NC , West Africa even japan. Usually swimming around in small groups.
In the Gulf of Alaska there is an abundance of about 41,854, number from the 2006 stock of assessment reports on for harbor porpoise. Even though they are doing good in numbers they are not as they once were, because they a lot of times get stuck in commercial fisherman nets. If your wanting to see these mammals up close it might be hard because they are very shy and don't come up to boats unlike other kinds of porpoises.
http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/harborporpoise.htm
http://www.acsonline.org/factpack/HarborPorpoise.htm
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/harbor-porpoise/
duck flats
5/12/11
6:30-9:30
Salmon berry- Rubus spectabilis
False Indian Corn- Veratrum viride
Wild Celery-Angelica Lucida
Skunk Cabbage-Lsyichiton americans
Dandelion-Taraxacum officinale
Shooting Star-Dodecatheon pulchellum
Goats Beard-Aruncus sylvester
Animals Observed:
Porcupine-Grethizon dorsatum
Malard Duck- Anas platyrhynchos
Boat ride to Anderson bay and Shoup bay
May 19, 2011
9:00 am-3:30 pm
Weather - 40o , Cloudy, and a little rainy with some winds.
Animals Observed and Identified:
Sunflower sea star-Pycnopodia Helianthoides
Sea Otter-Enhydra Lutris
Mussels- Mytilus Edulis
Barnacel-Cirripedia
Snail Eggs
Sea urchins-Echinoidea
Longfin Sculpin-Jordania Zonope
Black Claw Crab-Lophopanopeus Bellus
leather Star-Dermasterias Imbricata
Plants Observed and Identified:
Rock Weed-Dermasterias Imbricata
Goats Beard-Tragopogon
Shoup Bay
Animals Observed and Identified:
Harbor Porpoise-Phocoena
Black oyster Catchers-Haematopus Bachmani
Plants Observed and Identifed:
Blue Berry- Vaccinium corymbosum
Elder Berry- Sambucus nigra
Devils Club- Oplopanax Horridus
Boat Trip 5/19/2011
Temperature 35-40 degrees Fahrenheit, mostly cloudy and rainy
Listed are some of the organisms my classmates, professor and I saw and identified.
Blue mussel Mytilus edulis
Clam worm Alitta succinea
Giant Green Anemone Anthopleura xanthogrammica
Tidepool Sculpin Oligocottus maculosus
Ostrich fern- Matteuccia struthiopteris
Devil's Club Oplopanax horridus
Gumboot chiton Cryptochiton stelleri
Spiny mudstar Petalaster foliolata
Purple Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Ochre sea star Pisaster ochraceus
Harbor porpoise- Phocoena phocoena
Dalls porpoise- Phocoenoides dalli
Black oyster catcher- Haematopus bachmani
Harbour seal- Phoca vitulina
Sea otter- Enhydra lutris
Blue Top Snail Calliostoma ligatum
Methuselah's beard Usnea longissima
Salmon berry- Rubus spectabilis
Blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum (Growing out of a rock)
This trip was incredible I'm so happy we got to go. It was really great to see the difference in the beaches.
Thursday, May 19, 2011
American Robin- Turdus migratorius
The American Robin winters all across North America, usually in areas that they can easily find things to eat. As the snow increases in areas they move south, and when the snow is low they are farther north. Their diet is Worms, berries, and insects. During mating season they are monogamists, the females make the nests out of twigs, mud, and leaves. Their eggs are bright blue and are about the same size as a quarter.
http://www.sdakotabirds.com/species/maps/american_robin_map.htm
http://depts.washington.edu/natmap/facts/american_robin_712.html
Methusalah's Beard
The beard's scientific name is Usnea longissima. A tuft of hanging sort of hair. Methusalah's is a lichen, 15-35 cm long. It is found on trees and shrubs. This particular strand of lichen is found in the pacific northwest. Apparently it is really sensitive to air pollution, and is beginning to vanish. Because of this it is slow to grow, and should never be picked. I feel bad now.
Reference:
http://www.lichen.com/bigpix/Ulongissima.html
http://www.paulnoll.com/Oregon/Wildflower/plant-Lichen-Methuselahs-Beard.html
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.austinsierra.com/alottasandtest/images/news20091011archive.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.austinsierra.com/alottasandtest/als-newsarchive5.aspx&usg=__gzzxbniiWrlAWTODwpIllVjyqrY=&h=375&w=500&sz=75&hl=en&start=0&sig2=a4xmHU5GoTmrCLf7vR5m5Q&zoom=1&tbnid=PjGF00HSY_WYxM:&tbnh=156&tbnw=208&ei=URnWTaPtCerRiALw5bCgDw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DMethuselah%2527s%2BBeard%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26sa%3DX%26biw%3D1600%26bih%3D770%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=613&vpy=96&dur=638&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=112&ty=107&sqi=2&page=1&ndsp=35&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0